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四川眉山发现成都平原迄今最早旧石器时代遗址******

　　中新网成都1月10日电 (记者岳依桐)10日，“遂宁市桃花河遗址暨四川旧石器时代考古成果专家研讨会”10日在四川射洪举行。会上透露，眉山新发现一处成都平原迄今最早的旧石器时代遗址——坛罐山遗址。根据光释光测年，初步推测该遗址最早遗存年代距今不低于20万年，填补了成都平原旧石器时代的考古空白。

　　据介绍，坛罐山遗址位于眉山市东坡区多悦镇滴水村与太和镇马堰村交界处，地处成都平原南部、岷江支流东醴泉河右岸的低缓垅岗上。2019年12月，为配合当地基本建设，四川省文物考古研究院联合眉山市文物保护研究所、眉山市东坡区文化遗产保护中心等单位在坛罐山开展考古调查工作，调查发现一件打制石核及其他文化遗存，在此后的考古发掘中，共出土石制品518件，清理坑、沟等遗迹现象10余处。

　　经专家确认，该遗址出土石制品大多以砾石为原料，岩性以石英砂岩为主。石制品类型包括石核、石片、断块/断片/碎屑、工具、备料。工具类型除石锤和石砧外，还有砍砸器、刮削器、凹缺刮器、锯齿刃器、重型刮削器、手镐等，另外还有使用过的砾石以及石片。工具多以砾石或断块为毛坯，采用锤击法加工，多见单边、单向修理，整体上属于中国南方砾石石器工业的范畴。

考古发掘现场。　四川省文物考古研究供图

　　专家认为，坛罐山遗址是一处典型的中国南方砾石工业类型遗址，出土石制品与简阳龙垭遗址、资阳鲤鱼桥遗址、重庆铜梁遗址等在石器组合、剥片技术等方面大体相似，石料、石器类型和技术上也较为一致，均属于典型中国南方砾石工业传统。坛罐山遗址也是一处古人类多次光顾、短期活动的原地埋藏遗址，它的发现与发掘，将逐渐揭开成都平原古人类与旧石器时代考古文化的面纱。

　　中国旧石器考古专业委员会主任高星表示，坛罐山遗址进一步为四川盆地的旧石器时代考古工作提供线索、导向和思路。通过对坛罐山遗址的发掘、梳理、认知，考古工作者已在成都平原新发现了140余处旧石器时代遗址，其中已开展考古发掘的遗址近10处，为下一步构建成都平原乃至四川盆地旧石器年代框架、完善工业体系奠定了坚实的基础。(完)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.